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Planetary Gear Reduction

Planetary Gear Reduction

On the surface, it may seem that gears are being “reduced” in quantity or size, which is partially true. When a rotary machine such as an engine or electric motor needs the output speed reduced and/or torque increased, gears are commonly used to accomplish the desired result. Gear “reduction”...

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Gear reduction has the opposite effect on torque. The rotary machine’s output torque is increased by multiplying the torque by the gear ratio, less some efficiency losses.


While in many applications gear reduction reduces speed and increases torque, in other applications gear reduction is used to increase speed and reduce torque. Generators in wind turbines use gear reduction in this manner to convert a relatively slow turbine blade speed to a high speed capable of generating electricity. These applications use gearboxes that are assembled opposite of those in applications that reduce speed and increase torque.


How is gear reduction achieved? Many reducer types are capable of attaining gear reduction including, but not limited to, parallel shaft, planetary and right-angle worm gearboxes. In parallel shaft gearboxes (or reducers), a pinion gear with a certain number of teeth meshes and drives a larger gear with a greater number of teeth. The “reduction” or gear ratio is calculated by dividing the number of teeth on the large gear by the number of teeth on the small gear. For example, if an electric motor drives a 13-tooth pinion gear that meshes with a 65-tooth gear, a reduction of 5:1 is achieved (65 / 13 = 5). If the electric motor speed is 3,450 rpm, the gearbox reduces this speed by five times to 690 rpm. If the motor torque is 10 lb-in, the gearbox increases this torque by a factor of five to 50 lb-in (before subtracting out gearbox efficiency losses).


The gear reduction in a right-angle worm drive is dependent on the number of threads or “starts” on the worm and the number of teeth on the mating worm wheel. If the worm has two starts and the mating worm wheel has 50 teeth, the resulting gear ratio is 25:1 (50 / 2 = 25).

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Type EPX40 EPX60 EPX90 EPX115 EPX142 Ratio Stages
Nominal output torqueT2N Nm 25 66 158 337 950 3 1
27.5 71.5 172.5 360 1030 4
23 53 124 300 850 5
10 26 67 150 510 8
- - - - - - 150 510 10
25 66 158 337 950 9 2
25 66 158 337 950 12
25 66 158 337 950 15
27.5 71.5 172.5 360 1030 16
27.5 71.5 172.5 360 1030 20
23 53 124 300 850 25
27.5 71.5 172.5 360 1030 32
23 53 124 300 850 40
10 26 67 150 510

64


25 66 158 337 950 60 3
27.5 71.5 172.5 360 1030 80
27.5 71.5 172.5 360 1030 100
25 66 158 337 950 120
27.5 71.5 172.5 360 1030 160
23 53 124 300 850 200
27.5 71.5 172.5 360 1030 256
23 53 124 300 850 320
10 26 67 150 510 512
Emergency stop Nm T2Not=2T2N
Type EPX40 EPX60 EPX90 EPX115 EPX142 Stages
Frmax.for10.000h N 185 240 440 670 1750
Famax.for10.000h N 280 400 650 1200 2700
Efficiency with full load % 96 1
94 2
90 3
Average lifetime h 20000
Weight Kg 0.45 1 2.4 5.8 15 1
0.55 1.3 2.9 7.5 19 2
0.65 1.6 3.5 9.3 23 3
Banklash arcmin(分) EPX40 EPX60 EPX90 EPX115 EPX142 Stages
precision <5 <3 <3 <3 <5 1
criterion <10 <8 <8 <8 <10 1
precision <8 <5 <5 <5 <8 2
criterion <12 <10 <10 <10 <12 2
precision <10 <8 <8 <8 <10 3
criterion <15 <12 <12 <12 <15 3
EPX40 EPX60 EPX90 EPX115 EPX142
Torsional rigidity Nm/arcmin 0.7 1.8 4.4 9.2 26.7
Noise dB(A) 55 58 60 65 70
Max.input speed min-1 10000 8000 6000 6000 6000
Advised input speed min-1 4500 4000 4000 3500 3000


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